PARTICIPLE
A. ACTIVE
1. Active (Present) Participle
a.
The
running boy looks very tired
(The boy who is running, looks
very tired)
b.
The
flying birds seem very high
on the sky
c.
Having
done his homework, he went to the mall
(after he had done his homework,
he went to the mall)
d.
Dua
pekerjaan yang dilakukan berurutan oleh pelaku yang sama
e.
Being
tired, Yasir took a rest
(Yasir took a rest
because he was tired)
Hubungan
sebab-akibat
2. Adjective (Active/Present) Participle
a.
He
jumped about as he heard the exciting news
b.
The
exhausting job makes the workers very tired
c.
The
statements of Indonesian leaders are often confusing many people
B. PASSIVE
1. Past (Passive) Participle
o The broken window will be repaired
§ Broken
window = the window which is btoken
§ (Jendela
yang pecah itu akan diperbaiki)
o Watered everyday, the plants are fresh
§ =
the plants are fresh because they are watered everyday
o Ruined by the earthquake, the
village was left uninhabited
2.
Adjective (Passive/Past) Participle
Ø We are interested in learning English in advanced
Ø She is pleased to hear the good news
Ø The amazed audiences give them applauses
Ø Safa is one of the beloved teacher at that school
C. PARTICIPLE
AFTER CERTAIN (Sensory or Perception)
VERBS
Ø
I
saw Ammar sitting on the chair
(Active)
Ø
I
saw the snake being beaten
Ø
The
children hear the music amusing
Ø
We
smell the food inviting
Ø
She
feels the job depressing
D. ING OR -ED? PARTICIPLES AS ADJECTIVES
1 - The people I work with are
____ with their jobs.
satisfying
satisfied
satisfied
2 - John was ____ by the news
report.
disgusting
disgusted
disgusted
3 - We thought that the
instructions were ___ .
confused
confusing
confusing
4 - It's an ___ little story. You
should read it.
amused
amusing
amusing
5 - Working late every day is ___
.
tiring
tired
tired
6 - I'm not really ___ in sport.
interesting
interested
interested
7 - Do you feel ___ about them?
worried
worrying
worrying
8 - All this information is making
me ______.
confusing
confused
confused
9 - I had a ___ weekend because of
the rain.
boring
bored
bored
10 - Young children are often ___
of the dark.
scaring
scared
scared
The
Present Participial Phrase:
Definition:
A
sentence part that begins with a word that ends in “ing”
Notes:
Ø The participle is a verb, but not
the main verb in the sentence.
Ø The participial phrase tells what
a noun is doing.
Ø The participial phrase is able to
change position to the front of the sentence, the subject-verb split, or the
end of a sentence.
Ø The participial phrase must be
placed carefully to avoid confusion.
Ø If the participial phrase is
removed the sentence must still make sense.
Ø Must have a period or comma before
AND after the participial phrase
Examples:
Ø Trying to earn an "A", Tom checked the rubric to revise
and improve his paper.
Ø The poor old man rested on the
bench, snoozing.
Ø The Olympic jumper, flying
through the air on the wings of a dream, thrust the weight of his whole
body forward.
Ø The clown, appearing bright and
cheerful, smiled and did his act with unusual certainty for someone who had
just killed a man.
Ø Belle, not knowing what else to
do, mixed some medicine.
Ways
to review:
- Read a book and find the participial phrases.
- Write sentences with participial phrases.
- Try to speak and put a participial phrase in each sentence.
4.
Pick one sentence with a participial
phrase. Keep trying to change the
participial phrase to make the sentence funny, or gross, or beautiful, or
bizarre, or wise…
- Pick a simple sentence. Add a participial phrase, and an appositive phrase, and a prepositional phrase to it.
Participle Phrases:
Practice 1
Draw lines to match the participle phrases to the
sentences they modify.
At the bottom of the
page, rewrite any two of the sentences, inserting the matching participle
phrases.
Sentences:
1.
Suddenly the shark soared up out of the water in a fountain of spray.
2.
The children came charging back into their homeroom.
3.
The ponies rolled in the wiry grass.
4.
The fly in the spider web was beating its wings furiously.
5.
I closed my eyes again.
6.
I dream I’m flying over a sandy beach in the early morning.
Participle phrases:
a. trying to break loose and free itself
b. letting out great whinnies of
happiness
c. turning as it fell
d. touching the leaves of the trees as I
fly by
e. thinking maybe I was dreaming
f. shouting and screaming
1.
2.
Participle Phrases: Practice
2
A participle phrase answers one of these questions
·
What is he doing? What is she doing? What are they doing? (people)
·
What is it doing? (place or thing)
The
first word in a participle phrase always ends in ‘ing’
Participle phrases are
ALWAYS separated from the sentence by commas.
Highlight
the participle phrases in the following sentences.
Model: Sophie, sitting on
the Big Friendly Giant’s hand, peeped out of the cave.
1. Arriving at the used-up haystack, the boy
leaned against the barbed wire fence.
2. The snow swirled, blurring his vision.
3. A cloud shadow, drifting the breadth of Trial
Valley, spread across the inscrutable faces of Old Joshua.
4. Lying back in the soft hay, I folded my hands
behind my head, closed my eyes, and let my mind
wander back over the two long years.
5. Billy ate it offhand, sideways, reading a
comic book.
6. Returning to the lab to put a bucket of water
on the stove for dish washing, she noticed that Mitch was not at the computer,
although it was turned on.
Participle Phrases: Practice 3
A participle phrase answers one of these questions
·
What is he doing? What is she doing? What are they doing? (people)
·
What is it doing? (place or thing)
The
first word in a participle phrase always ends in ‘ing’
Participle phrases are
ALWAYS separated from the sentence by commas.
Highlight
the participle phrases in the following sentences.
Example: James stood
alone, wondering what to do.
Answer: James stood
alone, wondering what to do.
1. There is
Sadako, standing on top of a granite mountain of paradise.
2. Holding him
by the ears, the Trunchbull lowered him back into his chair beside the desk.
3. He was standing very still, holding it
tightly with both hands while the crowd pushed and shouted all around him.
4. That
afternoon, a big man came and pried off the drain cover, grunting as he worked.
5. She lay
very still with her eyes closed, letting herself awaken slowly.
6. Standing in the clear sunshine, the prince
breathed in the sweet, fresh air.
Participle Phrases:
Practice 4
A participle phrase answers one of these questions
·
What is he doing? What is she doing? What are they doing? (people)
·
What is it doing? (place or thing)
The
first word in a participle phrase always ends in ‘ing’
Participle phrases are
ALWAYS separated from the sentence by commas.
Highlight
the participle phrases in the following sentences.
Example: The doe paused
at the edge of the field, sniffing the air currents.
Answer: The doe paused at the edge of the field, sniffing the air currents.
1. Charles Wallace braced, trying to tighten the
grip of his legs about the unicorn’s broad neck.
2. The
children, stamping their bare feet on the floor to shake the sand off, crowded
in.
3. Now when a buyer came to look at the colts,
Maureen did not run to her room as she used to do, pressing her face in the
feather bed to stifle her sobs.
4. The White
Witch, ordering Edmund to go with her, rose and went out.
5. Matilda, nestling in her usual chair, was
watching this performance over the rim of her book with some interest.
6. Faster and faster the Polar Express ran
along, rolling over peaks and through valleys like a car on a roller
coaster.
Participle Phrases: Practice 5
Be creative !
Finish the participle phrases by
filling in the blanks.
1. As they
swung on the turn, the sled went over, spilling ____________________
2. Dad, sitting
____________________________, leaned forward so he could see.
3. Coming _________________________________,
she could hear them talking in the room below, and she paused a moment to
eavesdrop on their conversation.
4. The wind
blew in fierce gusts as we left the village, stinging _______________
___________________________________.
5. The next
day after school, Jess went down and got the lumber he needed,
carrying
__________________________________________________________.
6. The sound
came from the end of one corridor, and I fumbled along, peering ___
_______________________________________________________________.
7. She just
sat and stared out of the window, thinking
_____________________.
8. Sitting
________________________, I could see that the covers of the books were badly
worn.
Participle Phrases: Practice 6
You’ve been given three sentences. Combine them into one sentence that matches
the model. Only use the underlined
words. Write your sentence on the lines
provided.
Highlight
the participle phrase in the sentence you write.
Model: He stood very straight and proud and
unconcerned, / holding the cape easily/ in his two hands.
a. She
waited very small and quiet and timid.
b. She was twisting
the scarf nervously.
c. The scarf
was on her lap.
a.
He flew very high and straight and
true.
b.
He was moving swiftly.
c.
He was moving over the stark landscape.
Model: Squinting up at the sky, / Sara began to kick
her foot back and forth / in the deep grass.
a.
He was standing there on the court.
b.
Burt started to dribble the ball up
and down.
c.
He dribbled it on the foul line.
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