NUMERAL

Cardinal, Ordinal and Nominal Numbers

Cardinal: how many
Ordinal: position
Nominal: name

Cardinal Numbers

A Cardinal Number is a number that says how many of something there are, such as one, two, three, four, five.

A Cardinal Number answers the question "How Many?"

Example: here are five coins:

It does not have fractions or decimals, as it is only used for counting.

How to remember: "Cardinal is Counting"

1.     Cardinal Numbers

Cardinal Numbers are used to:

1.       show prices,

2.       show time,

3.       show physical appearances such as weights, heights, ages, etc,

4.      show speed,

5.       announce flight numbers,

6.       etc.

Ordinal Numbers

An Ordinal Number is a number that tells the position of something in a list. 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th etc.

Example: In this picture the girl is 2nd:

And the two pups are 3rd and 4th.

How to remember: "Ordinal says what Order things are in".

Nominal Numbers

A Nominal Number is a number used only as a name, or to identify something (not as an actual value or position)

Examples:

• the number on the back of a footballer ("10")
• a postal code ("91210")
• a model number ("380")

How to remember: "Nominal is a Name".

 Example With Everything

In this photo there are 6 cars. Car Number "99" (with the yellow roof) is currently in 1st position: 6 is a Cardinal Number (it tells how many) 1st is an Ordinal Number (it tells position) "99" is a Nominal Number (it is basically just a name for the car)

EXERCISE 1.

Rahardian is a grade one student in a vocational school in his town.

He has not got a lesson schedule for one semester. He has got

a temporary schedule for one week. Here is his schedule.

Time	Days and Dates
	Monday 21/07/08	Tuesday 22/07/08	Wednesday 23/07/08	Thursday 24/07/08	Friday 25/07/08	Saturday 26/07/08
07.00 – 08.30	English	Chassis	Chemistry	Sports	Electricity	Physics
08.30 – 10.00	Math	Chassis	PKn	English	Electricity	Chemistry
10.00 – 10.15	First Break	First Break	First Break	First Break	First Break	First Break
10.15 – 11.45	History	Indonesian	Math	Entrepreneur ship	Body	Machinery
11.45 – 12.30	Second Break	Second Break	Second Break	Second Break	Second Break	Second Break
12.30 – 14.00	Religion	Javanese	Physics	Computer	Body	Machinery

Activity 1 Answer the questions.

1. How many times does he have English lessons?

2. What times and what days does he have English lessons?

3. What day and what date does he have entrepreneurship?

4. Does he have a computer lesson on Friday?

5. Does he have Machinery Lesson on July 26?

Activity 2 Complete the following sentences with suitable words.

        1. Rahardian has a Religion Lesson on . . . .

        2. At 10.15 – 11.45, on Tuesday, July 22, Rahardian has . . . .

        3. Electricity Lesson is at . . . on . . . .

        4. Everyday Rahardian has two breaks; the first is at . . . and

        the second is at . . . .

        5. Rahardian has English lessons . . . times a week.

EXERCISE 2.

Match column A with column B.

COLUMN  A                                                     COLUMN  B
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0	Rp 3,950.00 1,500 m3 Apt. No. 35 07.15 a. m. 50% 250 kph 1000   C 25 kg 2008 8 3 1 1 5 3 2	A B C D E F G H I J	Eight three one one five three two Two hundred and fifty kilometers per hour Two thousand and eight One thousand five hundred cubic metres Three thousand nine hundred and fifty rupiahs Twenty-five kilograms Apartment number 35 fifty percent A quarter past seven in the morning (a. m.) One hundred degrees centigrade.

EXERCISE 3.

Study the table of the flight information below and then make sentences as the example

Departure	Flight	Time	Destination
Semarang	GI001 MN88 LA315 AA500 MA624 BA27A	13.00 13.20 14.45 08.50 07.15 15.55	Jakarta Surabaya Medan Makassar Manado Palangkaraya

Example:

( GI001)􀁴 Flight number GI zero zero one will leave for Jakarta at thirteen.

1. (MN88) 􀁴____________________________

2. (LA315) 􀁴____________________________

3. (AA500) 􀁴____________________________

4. (MA624) 􀁴____________________________

5. (BA27A) 􀁴____________________________

EXERCISE 4

Write the sentence.

Example:   a. 17 August 1945 : It is the seventeenth of August nineteen forty-five.

     b. August 17, 1945 : It is August the seventeenth nineteen forty-five.

1. 25 January 2008 : _____________________

2. February 21, 2000 : _____________________

3. 4 March 1999 : _____________________

4. April 19, 2007 : _____________________

5. 1 May 1978 : _____________________

6. June 13, 2006 : _____________________

7. 20 July 1963 : _____________________

8. August 31, 2001 : _____________________

9. 27 September 1956 : _____________________

10. October 20, 1966 : _____________________

11. 6 November 1978 : _____________________

12. December 10, 2004 : ____________________

EXERCISE 5.

Writing Numbers Exercise

Write the correct answer for each sentence, using either words to spell out the numbers (thirty-one) or numerals where appropriate (31). Write a C if the sentence is correct as is.

1. ___ 351 people attended the performance.
2. ___ There were one hundred and thirty-five pieces in the puzzle.
3. ___ Class started at eight-thirty A.M. in Room Twenty.
4. ___ In the sixties there were sit-ins at 100's of colleges.
5. ___ Every afternoon at two o'clock the chimes rang.
6. ___ The stock deal, which involved $4.5 billion, paid a twelve and a half percent  dividend.
7. ___ The Lafayette television station is Channel Eighteen.
8. ___ They needed eight ten-foot poles for the construction.
9. ___ The vote was 126 in favor of the action and only sixteen opposed.
10. ___ The assignment was to read chapter 6, pages 31-39.
11. ___ Only fifty percent of high school students go on to college.
12. ___ We were assigned a report of about 10 pages in length.

In the answers below, C means that the sentence is correct as is.

1. Three hundred fifty-one
2. 135
3. 8:30 A.M.
4. hundreds
5. C
6. 12.5
7. 18
8. C
9. 16
10. C
11. 50
12. ten

EXERCISE 6.

Quantity Terms with Count and Noncount Nouns

In the following sentences, substitute one of these expressions for the underlined words:
* little
* quite a little or quite a bit of
* few
* quite a few

To clarify, little means "not much," but quite a little (or quite a bit of) means "a rather large amount." Few means "not many," but quite a few means "a rather large number."

1.        A rather large number of students have trouble with economics

2.        It requires a rather large amount of reading.

3.        Not many advisors spend as much time with their students.

4.        He hasn't much hope of passing his exams.

5.        George's advisor spends a rather large amount of time with him.

6.        He doesn't know many people in the class.

7.        Bill doesn't spend much money on clothes.

8.        She spends a rather large amount of money on CDs.

9.        He doesn't have many suits.

10.    He doesn't understand much of the reading.

Answer : Quantity Terms with Count and Noncount Nouns

1. Quite a few students have trouble with economics.

2. It requires quite a little or quite a bit of* reading.

3. Few advisors spend as much time with their students.

4. He has little hope of passing his exams.

5. George's advisor spends quite a little or quite a bit of time with him.

6. He knows few people in the class.

7. Bill spends little money on clothes.

8. She spends quite a little or quite a bit of money on CDs.

9. He has few suits.

10. He understands little of the reading.

* Notice that in quite a little the of is deleted, but in quite a bit of the of remains in the phrase.