I.
SUBJECT + VERB + DIRECT OBJECT
Subject Verb Direct Object
I know your name
You answer my question
He cuts his
finger
She makes a cake
We
like him
They invite me
Common Verbs used in this pattern
want,
dug, cut, contain, remember, laugh, suit
II.
SUBJECT + VERB + TO INFINITIVE
Subject Verb To Infinitive
I agree
to
have dinner in cafe
You promise to come to my house
He pretends
to understand
She forget to answer my
phone
We like to study
together
They wanted to make the
proposal
Common Verbs used in this pattern
attempt, try,
have, decide, continue, learn, mean, offer, refuse,
guarantee,
want, began, remember, intent, love, need, plan, start
III.
SUBJECT + VERB + NOT + TO INFINITIVE
Subject Verb Not To Infinitive
I decided not to go to the party
You promised not to help him
He plans not to go
She swears not to meet
him
We pretended not to see her
They agree not to tell
you
IV.
SUBJECT + VERB + NOUN (PRONOUN) + (NOT) TO INFINITIVE
Subject Verb Noun (Pronoun) (not) To Infinitive
I want you not to come
You help me to carry the bag
He likes his wife to
dress well
She tells me to come tomorrow
We allow him to enter the room
They warned their worker not to leave the office
Common Verbs used in this
pattern :
advise, allow, ask, challenge, choose,
command, expect, prefer, remind, teach, force, hate, help, instruct, intend,
invite, persuade, prepare, request, tell.
V.
SUBJECT + VERB + NOUN(PRONOUN) + INFINITIVE
Subject Verb Noun(Pronoun) Infinitive
I see the boy come to you
You help
him read the
book
We watched
the man enter the room
He lets me pay
the bill
She heard
the man sing a song
Common Verbs used
in this pattern : feel, observe, notice, watch
VI.
SUBJECT + VERB + NOUN(PRONOUN) + ING FORM
Subject Verb Noun(Pronoun) Ing Form
I saw the boy crossing the
street
You keep me waiting in the room
He found his wife cooking
She heard someone singing
We smell something burning
They watched the train leaving
Common Verbs used in this pattern :
feel, notice,
see, look at, listen to, find, start, leave, catch, keep
VII.
SUBJECT + VERB + OBJECT + ADJECTIVE
Subject Verb Object Adjective
I found the box empty
You pushed the window open
He wished his son well
She got her clothes dirty
We painted our fence green
They make me fine
Common Verbs used in this pattern :
beat, burn, get, make, want, sweep, wipe,
boil, find, keep, paint, set, wash, wish
VIII.
SUBJECT + VERB + OBJECT + PAST PARTICIPLE
Subject Verb Object Past Participle
I have my car painted
You saw the man tied
He found his cycle repaired
She felt herself ignored
We heard our name called
They made the room cleaned
Common Verbs used in this pattern :
feel, hear, make,
see, wish, have, find, like, prefer, want, get
IX.
SUBJECT + VERB + OBJECT + COMPLEMENT
Subject Verb Object Compliment
I made him a
manager
You named the baby Abdullah
He chooses me a leader
She called him Dick
We elect Mr Arif as
a chairman
They nominated her President
Common Verbs used in this pattern :
appoint, call, elect, nominate
(mencalonkan), select, baptize,
designate, name, make, choose.
X.
SUBJECT + VERB + CONJUNCTIVE + TO INFINITIVE
Subject Verb Conjunctive To Infinitive
I forget where to turn of the road
Do you remember how to
operate this
He knows which to buy
She explained how to
understand
We find out what to do next
They asked when to turn
Common Verbs used in this
pattern :
ask, decide, explain, forget, inquire,
learn, remember, consider, discover, find out, guess, know, observe, wonder.
XI. SUBJECT + VERB + OBJECT +
CONJUNCTIVE + TO INFINITIVE
Subject Verb Object Conjunctive
To Infinitive
I show them how to do it
You tell me what to
take
He teaches her
how to
write
She told me whether to trust him or not
We advised you which to
buy
They informed us where to
get ticket
Common Verbs used in this pattern :
advise, inform,
tell, ask, show, teach
XII.
SUBJECT + VERB + OBJECT + CONJUNCTIVE + CLAUSE
Subject Verb Object Conjunctive Clause
Can you tell me how to use it
I will ask him why he didn’t come
Please show me where you used to live
She has advised him where he
should go
I taught them why verb patterns are
important to learn
PREFIX + ADJECTIVE/NOUN = VERB MEANING
en able enable memungkinkan
circle encircle melingkari
force enforce memberi kekuatan
large enlarge membesarkan
danger endanger membahayakan
slave enslave memperbudak
joy enjoy menikmati
roll enroll mendaftarkan
list enlist mendata
rich enrich memperkaya
courage encourage menyemangati
camp encamp berkemah
compass encompass meliputi
code encode mengkodekan
dear endear menimbulkan cinta
rage enrage memarahkan
title entitle memberi judul
trust entrust mmpercayakan
be friend befriend berkawan
fall befall menimpa
hold behold melihat
little belittle meremehkan
love beloved tercinta
siege besiege mengepung
NOUN + SUFFIX = VERB MEANING
drama ize dramatize membuat drama
colony colonize menjajah
critic criticize mengkritisi
category categorize menggolongkan
capital capitalize menggunakan modal
emphasis emphasize menekankan
memory memorize menghafal
beauty ify beautify mempercantik
class classify menggolongkan
note notify memberitau
type typify melambangkan
glory glorify memuja
strength en strengthen memperkuat
length lengthen memanjangkan
height heighten meninggikan
ADJECTIVE + SUFFIX
= VERB MEANING
familiar ize familiarize membiasakan diri dengan
fertile fertilize menyuburkan
equal equalize menyetarakan
central centralize memusatkan
real realize menyadari
formal formalize menyusun
clear ify clarify menjelaskan
false falsify
memalsukan
simple simplify menyederhanakan
certain certify menetapkan dengan resmi
solid solidify memadatkan
liquid liquefy mencairkan
just justify membenarkan
pure purify menjernihkan
peace pacify mendamaikan
soft en soften melembutkan
black blacken menghitamkan
sharp sharpen menajamkan
short shorten memendekkan
deep deepen memperdalam
bright brighten menerangkan
wide widen memlebarkan
tight tighten mengencangkan
loose loosen mengendurkan
smooth smoothen melancarkan
fast fasten mempercepat
sweet sweeten membuat manis
light lighten menerangkan
dark darken menggelapkan
broad broaden meluaskan
flat flatten meratakan
quick quicken mempercepat
less lessen mengurangi
fat fatten menggemukkan
cheap cheapen memurahkan
Verb
Patterns
|
Verbs
|
+ ING
|
|
love
finish
like
enjoy
hate
stop
|
COOKING
|
|
Everyone
loves going to parties.
He
finished reading his book.
I
like working as a teacher = I am a teacher and I enjoy it.
I
love dancing. = This is one of my hobbies.
I
enjoy going abroad.
We
like going to Italy for our holidays.
|
|
|
Do
you enjoy learning English ?
What
do you like making ?
|
|
|
Verbs
|
+ to
|
+ infinitive
|
|
choose
decide
forget
promise
manage
need
help
hope
try
want
would like
would love
|
to
|
go
|
|
I'd
like to be a teacher. = When I grow up, I want to be a
teacher.
Thank
you. I'd love to dance. = We're at a disco. I'm pleased that you asked
me.
They
want to buy a new car.
I'd
like to go abroad.
I
hope to go abroad.
I'd
love to go abroad.
I
want to live in a hot country. = I'd like to live
in a hot country.
I
hope to see you again soon.
What
do you want to study ?
What
would like to do tonight ?
|
||
|
Verbs
|
+
ing or + to
|
|
begin
start
|
raining
to
rain
|
|
It
began to rain = It began raining.
I
continued to work in the library = I continued working in the library
When
did you start to get them? = When did you start getting them
?
|
|
|
Verbs
|
+ somebody
|
+ infinitive without to
|
|
Let
make
|
somebody
|
go
do
|
|
Modal auxiliary
Verbs
|
||
|
can
could
shall
will
would
|
go
arrive
|
|
|
I
can't go abroad.
I
can go home early tonight.
|
||
|
Questions
Would
you like to dance ?
Would
you like to come for a walk ?
|
Réponses
Yes,
I would. Yes, I'd love to.
Yes,
I would. No, thank you
|
|
|
Verb
|
+
preposition
|
+
ing
|
|
I
think
|
forward
to
of
|
moving
|
|
We're
thinking of moving house
I'm
looking forward to having more
free time.
I'm
looking forward to going
abroad.
I'm
thinking of going abroad.
We're
thinking of going to Italy for
our holidays.
We're
thinking of having a few days
off soon.
We're
looking forward to having a
few days off soon.
Where
are you thinking of going ?
|
||
KINDS
OF VERBS
English has three kinds of Verbs: transitive, intransitive,
and incomplete.
1. Transitive Verbs
A verb is transitive when the action is carried across to a receiver:
A verb is transitive when the action is carried across to a receiver:
The farmer grows potatoes. Elvis sang ballads.
The receiver is called the direct object. It answers the
question “What?” or “Whom? after the verb. Grows what? Potatoes. Sang
what? Ballads.
2. Intransitive Verbs
A verb is intransitive when the action stays with the verb. It is not carried across to a receiver:
A verb is intransitive when the action stays with the verb. It is not carried across to a receiver:
Corn grows. Elvis sang.
Adding a prepositional phrase to modify the verb does not change the fact that the action remains with the subject:
Corn grows in the fields. Elvis sang all over the world.
Adding a prepositional phrase to modify the verb does not change the fact that the action remains with the subject:
Corn grows in the fields. Elvis sang all over the world.
Both transitive and intransitive verbs are action verbs.
3. Incomplete Verbs
There are three types of incomplete verbs:
There are three types of incomplete verbs:
i. being verbs – also called linking or copulative
verbs
to be, seem, become, taste, smell, sound, feel
to be, seem, become, taste, smell, sound, feel
Tip: Some of these
verbs can also be used transitively. If in doubt, substitute a form of to be
for the verb. If the sentence still makes sense, the verb is being used as a
copulative verb:
He feels depressed. He is depressed.
He feels the wall. He is the wall.
He feels the wall. He is the wall.
ii. auxiliary verbs – also called helping verbs
be, have, shall, will, do, and may.
He could have gone earlier.
be, have, shall, will, do, and may.
He could have gone earlier.
iii. semi-auxiliary verbs
must, can, ought, dare, need.
You must not go. You dare not go.
must, can, ought, dare, need.
You must not go. You dare not go.
Verbs Voice
English verbs are said to have two voices: active and
passive.
Active Voice: the
subject of the sentence performs the action:
His son catches fly balls. Creative children often dream in
class.
Note: Verbs in the
active voice may be either transitive or intransitive.
VERBS EXERCISES
Exercise
1 : Action Verbs
- Write ten sentences that use verbs that express a physical action that can be observed.
- Think of some other verbs that express a mental action. Use each one in a sentence. Ask your instructor to review your work. Remember even if the verb is expressing a mental action, it is classed as an action verb.
Exercise
2 : Linking Verbs
Write at least 10 sentences that use
linking verbs. Check with your instructor to make sure you have used only
linking verbs in your sentences.
Exercise 3 : Action Verbs and Linking Verbs
Copy these sentences into your
notebook. Then underline the verbs. For each verb
that you identify, indicate whether
it is an action or a linking verb.
1. The dog jumped over the fence.
2. The baseball hit the boy in the face.
3. His car smashed into a bridge.
4. We watched a movie last night.
5. The students were happy about their
marks.
6. My sister’s name is Paula.
7. Mr. Smyth was my uncle.
8. They will be angry about your
forgetfulness.
9. We were afraid of the storm.
10. We feared the storm.
11. The little mouse squeaked loudly.
12. There were fourteen people in that
class last year.
13.
My old roommate from college drove to Fredericton last night.
14. The policeman believed their every
word about the robbery.
15. The puppy carefully tasted his new
food.
Exercise
4 : Action Verbs and Linking Verbs
In your notebook, identify the verbs
in the following sentences and record whether they are action or linking verbs.
1. The pie smells good.
2. He looks taller than Mario.
3. The sailors looked intently at the
horizon for signs of another ship.
4. The children became excited before the
snow storm.
5. Because of the dust, we coughed all
day.
6. You know my aunt, the bookkeeper at
Colpitt’s.
7. Close the door to the garage, please.
8. He felt the smoothness of the fur pelt
with his hand.
9. I felt sick after the party.
10. Wolves always howl at the moon.
11. She fell down the stairs and broke
her leg.
12. Madonna sings and dances well.
13. Suddenly, he slammed the door and
drove down the lane.
14. That newspaper publishes editions in
both Toronto and Vancouver.
15. This stew tastes good on a cold
winter’s night.
Exercise 5 : Action Verbs and Linking
Verbs
The verbs smell, taste, feel, grow, sound, and look can be used as both action and
linking verbs. Write two sentences
for each verb: one with an action verb, the other
with a linking or copula verb.
Exercise 6 : Auxiliary Verbs and Main
Verbs
In your notebook, indicate the main
verb in each of the following sentences, and the auxiliary or helping
verb(s), if any. You may want to create a chart like the one on the next
page.
|
SENTENCE
|
MAIN VERB
|
HELPING VERB(S) (IF ANY)
|
|
1. Heather will rarely drive the car in winter.
|
|
|
|
2. He must
have taken my jacket by mistake.
|
|
|
|
3. We played
ball against their team Saturday.
|
|
|
|
4. That would have confused anyone!
|
|
|
|
5. Would you please flip the hamburgers?
|
|
|
|
6. There
was a good show on TV last night.
|
|
|
|
7. Mitchell has lived here all his life.
|
|
|
|
8. I
will not be going, not after the last trip.
|
|
|
|
9. The men should
have eaten that supper by now.
|
|
|
|
10. The washing
machine has broken down.
|
|
|
|
11. Have
you ever heard such nonsense.
|
|
|
|
12. He might
have consulted a
doctor.
|
|
|
|
13. Sue may never have been given that letter.
|
|
|
|
14. I shall
never agree to his proposal.
|
|
|
|
15. A child
can easily learn this song.
|
|
|
Exercise 7:
Review of Verbs
A. Look at the words below. Decide which words
are nouns and which words are verbs.
run still
horse
dog fly
farm
house
calm storm
sail motor
book
B.
Now look up each word in the
dictionary.
Is there more than one entry word with
the same spelling?
Which of these words can be used as both
a noun and a verb?
How many of these words can be other parts of
speech besides nouns or verbs.
This was a
“trick” exercise to remind you that you cannot tell what part of speech a word
is unless it is actually written in a sentence. All by themselves, words cannot
have a part of speech. Once they have been placed in a sentence, they start to function
by carrying the writer’s meaning to the reader. It is at this point that a word
develops into a part of speech.
C.
Write two (or more) sentences for
each word above that demonstrate its uses as
various parts of speech.
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